low hematocrit and hemoglobin 12 year old

The value is expressed in volume units, femtolitres (fL=10 −15 L).

It can be calculated by dividing the hematocrit (volume of all RBC) by RBC number. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the mean volume of all the red blood cells in the sample or the average size of the red blood cell. Adult males should have between 14 to 18 g/dl, adult woman 12 to 16 g/dl. Hemoglobin level (Hb) is expressed as the amount of hemoglobin in grams per deciliter of whole blood. Optimal values for adult males are between 42% and 54% and for female 38% to 46%. Normal ranges for hematocrit are strongly dependent on the age, and well described from newborns to adult age. Hematocrit (Hct) is the percentage of blood that is represented by the red blood cells. The erythrocyte or red blood counts also referred to as “RBCs”, involve counting the number of RBCs per unit volume of whole blood. Possible differences in the group(s) have to be determined regarding the age difference and between the groups regarding the sex.ĭefinitions of analyzed hematological parameters ( 14, 15) The aim of this paper was to determine the values of RBC variables with young population from both sexes, within age span 8 to 18 years. Assessment of RBC variables in young population and determination of normal values is necessary for identification of anemia. In both sexes, these values were attained at about 20 yr of age and remained characteristic of the third decade of life ( 13).Ī few comparative studies have been conducted on children in pre-adolescent and adolescent years and the lack of studies and information on hematological parameters for this population is obvious. In boys of corresponding ages, there was an increase to about 15gr/100ml. In girls between 14 and 20 yr of age, the hemoglobin values decreased slightly, reaching 13gr/100ml. Among children 6–14 yr old the values increased from about 12 to about 14 gr per 100 ml of blood. The total amount of hemoglobin increases more in boys than in the girls in the period of puberty ( 12). Menstruation and nutritional intake are principal reasons for lower values of hemoglobin and iron of women regarding men ( 11). “The difference in hematological variables between sexes emerges after onset of menstruations and persistent until 10 yr after the menopause” ( 9, 10). “In pre-pubertal humans no major differences can be found between the sexes in red blood cell count or hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations” ( 10). The sex differences in hemoglobin level in adults are well documented, and the underlying mechanisms are probably a direct effect of sex hormones, both estrogen and androgens on erythropoiesis ( 9).

To ensure that interpretation of hematology results in children are appropriate, the laboratory has to have established age-specific reference ranges ( 8). Adult value will be reached gradually during the second part of childhood, around 15 yr of age ( 7). Because hemoglobin level and red cell indices vary with age, it is crucial to take as reference standards that change in each period of life, from fetal life to adolescence. The newborn infant, older child, and adult show profound differences ( 6). RBC variables are fairly stable through adult life, but significant differences exist in the pediatric population. In most of these studies, age, ethnic and sex differences were significant and therefore it was stressed the need for establishing normal reference values for different populations. Several studies which investigated hematologic parameters have been done in different populations, racial, ethnic and gender subgroups, even in different seasons ( 2– 5). Reference values for RBCs variables are lower with children in comparison with the adults ( 1). Having excellent knowledge of the referent values of red blood cells (RBCs) variables with children and adolescents is profoundly important for proper interpretation of the results of complete blood count.

Low hematocrit and hemoglobin 12 year old